Asavam and Arishtam
Either decoction/ aqueous extract or fresh juice is made from the crude herb to which nutrients/ sweetners such as sugars like jaggery, honey or sugar, singly or wholly are added. To the resulting solution certain fermenting aids like Dhataki pusha etc and prakshepa choorna are mixed and kept it in a fermentation vat for 30- 60 days. In this condition alcohol is self generated and alcoholic extracts from prakshepa choorna is obtained. It is then filtered and kept for settling. Such preparations are called Arishtam.
In the case of Asavas, the intial step of the preparation of the aqueous extract from the medicines are taking place as from the second step of preparation of Arishtam.
The asava- arishta has therapeutically higher potency, clear liquid with pleasant odour. As these preparations mature over a period of time the efficacy also increase.
Normal dosage is 15 ml to 25 ml preferably after food.
Medicated oil/ thailam/ coconut oil/ kuzhambu
Medicated thailam/ Coconut oil:
The base of these preparations is either sesame oil or coconut oil. The process consists of addition of water extracts( kashayam), swarasa ( juice), kalka ( paste) subjectiing the mixture prepared in a regulated temperature. The oils are prepared under the basis of references texts. So the medicated oils having the property and efficacy almost in the same manner since it contains the potent ingredients. It is used generally for inunctions and massage.
Kuzhambu is a speciality preparation of Kerala. In this preparation the base is a special combination of sesame oil, castor oil and ghee in a uniquely blended manner. This is proven more effective than the same medicated thailam. The continuous use of Kuzhambu is more effective in the diseases which affect the bones.
Leham/ Rasyan
The new herbs are collected, identified properly, then cleaned and dried. Each of the ingredients for powdering is pulverised separately and homogenously mided together as per formula. Prepare the kashayam( decoction) or swarasam ( juice) or with warm water, mix it with jaggery/ sugar or sugar candy and concentrate to required consistency. The powdered raw herb is added as prakshepa choornam, well mixed and laced with ghee, honey as pe text.
Normal dosage is 10gms to 30 gms.
Kashayam ( Kwath/ Qwath)
As per the formula the herbs are collected, identified properly, then cleaned and the raw herbs for drying are to be dried. Weighed quantity of ingredients as per formula is made in to coarse powder, mixed with sufficent quantity of water well boiled and reduced to attain the proper specifications. This is properly preserved, tested and packed.

The dosage can be fixed according to the condition of the patint and disease. Normal dosgae is 15ml mixed with 2 times boiled and cooled water.
Choornam
The ingredients are collected, identified properly then cleaned and dried. Each of the ingredients is pulverised separately and homogenously mixed together as per the formula. These powders are used directly or with additives or used for making decoction according to the condition of patients and diseases.
Gulika/ Vati/ Vattu/ Tablets
The medicines from palnt orgin, animal orgin and mineral orgin are collected, identified properly amd cleaned. The ingredients for making powders are to be dried and pulverized separately and then homogenously mixed together and ground into the base as per the formula up to the proper consistency for making gulika. The medicines which require purification, are identified and purified as per the textual references and the purity analytically checked to ensure the medicine is devoid of side effects.
Ghritam/ Medicated ghee
The process consists of addition of water extracts, Juice, Paste subjecting the mixture prepared in a regulated temperature. The medicated ghees are prepared according to refernce texts, so medicated ghee has the property of the active and potent ingredients. It is also generally used for inunctions, tarpanam and massage.